政治术语翻译

77鲜

马列主义、**思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想 Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiao-ping Theory,“Three Represent’s” important Thought 新民主主义革命 new-democratic revolution 民族独立和人民解放 national independence and the liberation of the people 经济体制改革和政治体制改革 reforms in the economic and political structure 社会主义制度 socialist system 社会变革 social transformation 建设有中国特色的社会主义事业 the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics 中华民族的伟大复兴 the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation 党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领 the basic theory, line and program of our Party in the primary stage of socialism 改革开放政策 the policies of reform and opening to the outside 中国共产党十一届三中全会 The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China 马克思主义政党 Marxist political Party 党的第一（第二、第三）代中央领导集体 the collective leadership of the Party Central Committee of the first (second\third)generation 人民民主专政 the people’s democratic dictatorship 国民经济体系 national economic system 综合国力 aggregate national strength 国内生产总值 the annual gross domestic product(GDP) 独立自主的和平外交政策 an independent foreign policy of peace 马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合 the fundamental principles of Marxism with the specific situation in China 加强和改进党的建设，不断增强党的创造力、凝聚力和战斗力，永葆党的生机与活力 strengthen and improve Party building, continuously enhance the creativity, rallying power and combat capability of the Party, and always maintain its vigor and vitality “三个代表”就是必须代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人民的根本利益，是我们党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源，是我们党始终站在时代前列，保持先进性的根本体现和根本要求。 “Three Represent’s” shows that our Party must always represent the requirements of the development of China’s advanced productive forces, the orientation of the development of China’s advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people in China, they are the foundation for building the Party, the cornerstone for its exercise of state power and a source of its strengthen,only by doing so can we really ensure that our Party always stand in the forefront of the time and maintain its advanced nature 党的理论、路线、纲领、方针、政策 Party’s theory, line, program, principles and policies

77鲜

执法监督部门 law-enforcing departments and supervisory institutions 植物人 vegetable 中国国情 China's actual conditions 重合同守信用 observe contracts and keep promises 住房按揭 housing mortgage 转亏为盈 turn loss into gain 自筹资金 self-raised funds 自费留学生 self-funded / self-financed student studying abroad 自负盈亏 be responsible for one's own profit and loss 走共同致富的道路 take the road to common prosperity 综合国力 the overall national strength 尊师重教 show respect to teachers and attach great importance to education 尊重知识、尊重人才 respect knowledge and intellectuals 遵纪守法 observe discipline and abide by the law

77鲜

拖欠教师工资 suspend teachers' salaries; holdback teachers' salaries 晚婚晚育 late marriage and postponement of childbearing 歪风邪气 evil winds 外向型经济 export-oriented economy 五好家庭 five-virtue family 五讲四美三热爱 five advocations, four points of beauty and three aspects of love 物质文明 material progress 下岗人员 redundant; laid-off "下海" risk one's fortune in doing business 小康水平 comfortably-off life; well-to-do level 小商品市场 smalls fair 香港特别行政区 Hong Kong Special Administrative Region(HKSAR) 乡政企业 township enterprise; rural enterprise 信息高速公路 information (super) highway; info highway 性骚扰 sexual harassment; sexual disturbance 姓社姓资问题 distinction of what is socialism and what is capitalism 学科带头人 academic pacesetter; academic pacemaker 一刀切 sweeping approach 一对夫妇只生一个孩子 one couple, one child 一国两制 one country, two systems 一切向钱看 money-mania; money-mad; put money above anything else "一条龙"服务 coordinated-process service 以权谋私 abuse power for personal gains 移风易俗 transform outmoded habit and custom 优化产业结构 modify the industrial structure 优化劳动组合 optimize the organization of labor 优惠政策 preferential policy 与国际接轨 gear… to international conventions 越江隧道 cross-river tunnel 择优录取 admit / hire the best examinee / candidate / applicant 政企分开 separate government functions from enterprise management

77鲜

国民生产总值翻两番 quadruple the GNP 合资企业 joint venture 和平统一 peaceful reunification 横向经济联系 lateral economic ties 户籍制度 household registration system 婚外恋 affair(e); extramarital affair(e) 婚外性生活 sex out of wedlock 婚姻介绍所 matrimonial agency; matchmaking agency; marriage bureau 基本国策 basic state policy 计划生育 family planning 假冒伪劣商品 fake or inferior quality commodity 精神文明 intellectual and ideological development 经济开发区 economic development zone 经济特区 special economic zone 九年义务教育 nine-year compulsory education 举报中心 corruption-reporting centre "空嫂" married air hostess 廉政建设 construction of a clean government 留守男士 grass widower 留守女士 grass widow 乱涨价 unauthorized price rise 民工 out-of-town laborer; rural laborer; migrant laborer 农转非 agricultural people to be given non-agricultural status "扒分" moonlight 攀比风 craze to vie with each other "妻管严" hen-pecked husband 抢购风 panic buying; buying spree 拳头产品 hit product 权利下放 delegate / decentralize power to the lower levels 人才流失 brain drain 人才市场 careers fair 人浮于事 overstaffed 三角债 debt chains 扫黄运动 anti-porn drive 商品房 condo (minimum) 社会风气 social morality 社会风尚 social graces; social graciousness 涉外婚姻 Chinese marriage with foreign nationals "跳槽" job-hop 退居二线 leave the leading post; retire from the leading post

77鲜

保税区 bonded area 不正当竞争 illicit competition 承包责任制 contract responsibility system 城市旧区改造 makeover for an old downtown area 出国热 craze of going abroad 传呼电话 neighborhood telephone answering services 打"白条" issue an IOU 道德法庭 conscience forum 德智体美全面发展 develop morally, intellectually, physically and aesthetically 第二职业 second employment; second occupation 第三产业 tertiary industry "第三者" the other person, the third person 第三梯队 third echelon 对内搞活，对外开放 enliven the domestic economy and open up to the outside world 多种经营 diversified economy 港人治港 Hong Kong people govern Hong Kong 高架道路 viaduct; elevated highways 搞活经济 invigorate /enliven / liberalize the economy 感情投资 invest in human relations 改革开放 reform and open up (to the outside world) 改善投资环境 improve the investment climate 公款吃喝 banquet at public expenses 官倒 official profiteering; official racketeering

77鲜

世界多极化、经济全球化 world multi-polarization and economic globalization 联合国宪章 UN Charter 独立自主、完全平等、相互尊重、互不干涉内部事务 independence, completely equality, mutual respect and non-interference in each other’s internal affairs 世界贸易组织、关贸总协定 World Trade Organization The General Agreement of Tariff and Trade 亚太经合组织 Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation 世贸中心 World Trade Center 恐怖主义 terrorism

77鲜

工人阶级的先锋队 the vanguard of the working class 生产力、生产关系、经济基础、上层建筑 productive force, relation of production, economic base, superstructure constitute 科学技术是第一生产力 science and technology are the primary productive force 社会主义物质文明和精神文明 material and spiritual civilizations of socialism 有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律的公民 citizens with lofty ideals, moral integrity, better education and good sense of discipline 自立意识、竞争意识、效率意识、民主法制意识和开拓创新意识 self-reliance, competition, efficiency, democracy, the legal system, and the pioneering and innovative spirit 依法治国和以德治国 the rule of law and the rule of virtue 科教兴国战略 the strategy of invigorating the country through science and education 倡导爱国主义、集体主义、社会主义思想，反对和抵制拜金主义、享乐主义、极端个人主义等腐朽思想 advocate patriotism, collectivism and socialism, combat and resist money worship, hedonism, ultra-egoism decadent ideas 先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐 be concern about the country and the people before anything else 全心全意为人民服务、立党为公、执政为民 serve the people heart and soul, work for the public and assumes power for the people 解放思想、实事求是 emancipating the mind, seeking truth from the facts 主观主义、形而上学 subjectivism, metaphysics 民主集中制、党内民主 democratic centralism, inner-Party democracy 集体领导、民主集中、个别酝酿、会议决定 collective leadership, democratic centralism, case-specific consultation, decision through meeting 政治路线确定之后，干部就是决定因素 cadres are a decisive factor, once a political line is decided 党管干部的原则 the principle of the Party assuming the responsibility for cadres’ affairs 公开、平等、竞争、择优 open, fair, competition, basis of merits 公开选拔、竞争上岗 the supervision of appointment and promotion of officials, and the method for official performance assessment 自重、自省、自警、自励 self-discipline, self-examination, self-caution and self-motivation 以权谋私、贪赃枉法、腐败分子 to abuse power for personal gains, take bribes or bend the law, corrupt elements 小康社会、小康生活 well-to-do society, well-to-do life 四项基本原则 Four Cardinal Principles 社会主义初级阶段 the primary stage of socialism “政治合格、军事过硬、作风优良、纪律严明、保障有力” “qualified politically and competent militarily and that have a fine style of work, strict discipline and adequate logistic support” “**” Taiwan’s “independence” 和平与发展 peace and development 冷战 cold war