比较英汉语的区别，迅速提高英语水平——语序

snake

作者：活氧素食用胶囊 声明：转载请务必全文转载 （读着可能累些，但请用心阅读，并彻底理解，绝对物有所值） 英语和汉语的区别很多，这里我想重点谈谈语序方面。我希望这篇文章帮助读者在大脑中，建筑起正确的英语语序，这样你的英语能力会得到显著提高。 我试图把一个句子由简到繁做一个演变；每一次演变用汉语和英语分别描述，我们从中体会英语和汉语的区别。 1） 我去——I go. 2） 我去你那里——I go over to yours.3） 我坐公交车车去你那里——I go over to yours by bus. 注意！！！：上面3）和前面1）、2）有一个显著的区别，即汉语句子当中，动词的顺序发生了变化。3）句中，汉语动词“坐（公交车）”和“去”一齐用来描述完整的行为。而相应的英语句子，仍然只用一个动词“go”，而且它的位置在句子中仍紧紧跟在主语的后面。当然，同一种行为，英语也有别的表达方式，如： I take bus (and go) to your place. ——显然，括号里的动词可以省略，也应该省略。这个句子与3）当中的英语句子比较，更加强调作“坐公交车”的动作。但他们有一个共同的特点：谓语动词紧跟在主语后面，而且只有一个谓语动词。在这里，英语用两个谓语显得多余。正如我们在这个句子里看到的，用一个介词“to”，把“go”的动作表示出来，或用“by”表示出了动作“take”。所以，顺便在这里强调一下，熟练使用介词是学习英语的一个重点。 4） 我在上午10点钟，坐公交车去你那里——Ｉgo over to yours by bus on 10 oclock in the morning. 这里的英汉两个句子的差别很多：我们发现在汉语句子当中，限定动作的成分在谓语的前面，如“上午10点钟”。如果把动词“去”看作核心谓语，那么“坐公交车”也可以视为“去”的修饰成分。 反观英语句子，我们发现主语、谓语的句子，始终没有发生变化，而且所有的修饰限定成分都排在谓语的后面。这就是正常的英语句子。如果把限定成分做个位置上的更改，那么就会起到一个强调作用，如： to your place, I go over by bus 10 oclock in the morning. 但是大家必须注意，这句话的语序是非正常的英语语序。英语当中，用非常规的语法表达情感的方法，还可以在虚拟语气中见到： If I were you, I would have killed him. 显然，这里系动词“were”跟在第一人称代词“I”后面，是违反常规的。正因为这个道理，它才可以承载特殊的情感。 5） 从现在起，我把英语句子放在前面，然后把相应的汉语句子跟在下面，我们细细地品一下汉语和英语的区别： I go over to yours by the bus, which both of us love to take, 10 oclock in the morning. 汉语句子： 明天上午10点，我乘坐我们都喜欢乘坐的那个公交车到你那里。 首先，英语当中主语和谓语在句子中的位置是不变的，可以说不可以撼动的。 “which both of us love to take” ，作为独立身份紧紧跟在被修饰词“bus”的后面。英语句子在绝大多数情况下修饰成分紧紧跟在被修饰成分的后面，偶尔也放在被修饰成分的前面。这一点务必记在心里。当然，修饰成分和被修饰成分之间，也有隔着别的词的时候，但那种情况非常少见，而且只有在句子的意思本身不会因为错位出现误会时见到。如， I go over to yours as soon as possible that is 10 blocks away at least from me. 这里“that”引导的定语从句，和被修饰成分“place”之间隔着短语“as soon as possible”，但是定语从句显然不可能修饰这个短语。 本项中，英语句子， I go over to yours by the bus, which both of us love to take, 10 oclock in the morning，可以通过词序的调整，把独立成分“which both of us love to take”无缝地融入到整句中。但此时，必须遵循“修饰成分紧跟在被修饰成分后面的原则”。所以，可以这么表达： I go over to yours 10 oclock in the morning by the bus both of us love to take. 显然，通过把“the bus”的位置调整到句子的末尾，定语从句和被修饰成分就有了更大的活动空间。而听者，也会通过不受干扰地接受修饰成分和被修饰成分之间的关系。 在这里顺便提一下出现在“bus”前面的定冠词“the”。被修饰词“bus”因为得到了具体的修饰变得具体，所以自然要加上定冠词。在这里“the bus”可以代表两层意思，具体的某辆公交车，或某线路公交车。 6） I go over to yours by bus 10 oclock in the morning, having work on the plan together. 汉语句子： 明天上午10点，我去你那里一起研究一下 那个方案。 这里值得注意的是：“the plan”。如果前面提到过这个计划，那么这个句子是一个完整的句子。但是如果“the plan”是首次出现，那么这个句子就不完整，必须跟一个修饰成分，如： I go over to yours by bus 10 oclock in the morning, having work on the plan together I never told you before. 这里我想强调这么一个观念：正确掌握了英语语序、语法之后，听到某个不完整的成分的时候，自然要预料到，接下来相应的修饰词会紧跟着来。 7）正因为英语当中，绝大多数情况下修饰词跟在被修饰词后面，从句、独立成分、介词短语、现在分词和过去分词的使用非常广泛，对我们中国人甚至到了泛滥的程度。例句：I go over to yours by bus 10 oclock in the morning, having work on the plan together I never told you before. 这里“having work on the plan together I never told you before.”，用现在分词“having ”建造了一个修饰成分。我们把这个句子稍微再演变以下： I go over to yours by bus 10 oclock in the morning, having work on the plan together I never told you before and brewd on my own for long time. 汉语可以翻译成：我明天上午十点钟坐公交车到你那里一起研究一下，我从没有告诉过你的一个计划。这个计划我研究了很久。 可以发现，英语通过把修饰成分后置在被修饰成分之后，使得语句表达灵活、受拘束减少。在本例中，我们要注意到，英语原文是一个句子，但是翻译成汉语时，我们用了两个句子。本囊建议：翻译复杂的英语句子的时候，尽量从意思上分析，并简化、分段，这样译文容易理解。 8）我们前面的所有句子，主语没有被修饰。英语的主语倾向于简洁处事，大有得道高僧的风范。所以，我们在使用英语的时候，尽量在主语到谓语之间，遵循简化描述的原则。但主语并非不能被修饰。我们把上面的例句再演变一下： I, as your partner, go over to yours by bus 10 oclock in the morning, having work on the plan together I never told you before and brewd on my own for long time. 但主语被修饰之后，这个句子就显得不是很流畅。 我们在这里做一个简单的总结，无论是说、听、阅读、还是写英语，记住这样一个原则：主语——谓语——利用介词、现在分词、过去分词、独立成分以及从句，考虑要表达的具体情况，然后扩充句子；修饰成分紧跟在被修饰成分之后。 从以上分析，我们可以看出判断主谓语是第一步，接下来依次辨别修饰成分或辅助成分就可以了。所以，说英语可以一边说，一边扩充句子。而汉语，在说出每一个句子之前，整句已经在大脑构思完了。所以，使用英语可能比汉语容易。换个说法：英语可能消耗较少的能量。但这也有负面影响：较少消耗能量，意味着用脑较少。我想是不是这个原因，让中国人更加聪明、勤奋呢？ 欢迎阅读：

77鲜

不错,这些很有用处的.

snake

I just need to show you what's wrong in your examples: 1） 我去——I go. 2） 我去你那里——I go over to yours.3） 我坐公交车车去你那里——I go over to yours by bus. Do not use "yours, mine..." unless you mention the item in the sentence. Example: Your place is bigger than mine. My car is smaller than yours. I take bus (and go) to your place. ——显然，括号里的动词可以省略，也应该省略。这个句子与3）当中的英语句子比较，更加强调作“坐公交车”的动作。但他们有一个共同的特点：谓语动词紧跟在主语后面，而且只有一个谓语动词。在这里，英语用两个谓语显得多余。正如我们在这个句子里看到的，用一个介词“to”，把“go”的动作表示出来，或用“by”表示出了动作“take”。所以，顺便在这里强调一下，熟练使用介词是学习英语的一个重点。 This one is good example. 4） 我在上午10点钟，坐公交车去你那里——Ｉgo over to yours by bus on 10 oclock in the morning. It should be "at 10 o'clock" not "on". On is used for the date or day, such as "on Sunday", "on 25th of December" etc.. 5） 从现在起，我把英语句子放在前面，然后把相应的汉语句子跟在下面，我们细细地品一下汉语和英语的区别： I go over to yours by the bus, which both of us love to take, 10 oclock in the morning. 汉语句子： 明天上午10点，我乘坐我们都喜欢乘坐的那个公交车到你那里。 I will go over to your place at 10 o'clock in the morning, by the bus we usually take. You can love your parents, your partner, your wife, but you don't love a bus. 6） I go over to yours by bus 10 oclock in the morning, having work on the plan together. Again, you miss the "will", "at". And "let's work" instead of " having work" would be more likely to be used in English. I go over to yours by bus 10 oclock in the morning, having work on the plan together I never told you before. Mistaken as above. 7）I go over to yours by bus 10 oclock in the morning, having work on the plan together I never told you before and brewd on my own for long time. The word "brewd" is very much Chinglishly. "Brewd a plan" is not in English. The best way to learn a language, it's to hear, and speak as much as you can. When you speak a foreign language, you must try to forget your own language, just speak in the way it is. Maybe you made a good topic but you showed the bad examples. Please do not use shortcut when you speak a foreign language, because it not gonna help you at all. If you wanna learn to speak English propertly, make it as clear as you can. This is just my experience.

snake

To messageguy: You are the one typical who looks to most English begginers that you know English well and you do not and you feel you are great in it. ======================================================== Did you mean: You are the one typical who looks (like) most English begginers (which) know English well "and you feel you are great in it (but) you are not (in fact )" ? Your English didn't make sense and I have to guess what you tried to say, seriously, if you cannot write or speak English clearly, you can type your words in Chinese because I can read Chinese as well. The reason I typed in English is I feel more comfortable to type in English rather than Chinese and that saved me lots of time. There is one thing I have to point out, it's really a big joke that if a person wanna teach English grammar but doesn't even know the different between 'at' and 'on', and you are the one. That's enough to make me laugh, but I didn't. I'm not here to pick on you but just try to correct you, but you can't even accept your mistake. There's no shame that you made the mistake, but it's shame that you can't accept it and correct it. For me, English is only a language, and a communication tool because I live in Australia. I've been here since I was a teen, I grew up, studied, and work here now. I know my English might not be as good as some of the people here, I cannot remember all the words in dictionary, and I can't even spell some of the simple words. However I think my English still better than most of the people here becuase I speak it everyday. I don't mind you called me crap or whatever, I am even happy if you can point out any words I have mistaken, but you cannot ignore one thing, your examples are wrong and worthless. Happy 2007! 不好意思版主们，我又打了一大篇英文，我把我段话翻译一下，希望能帮你们缩短审查的时间 给楼主的话： You are the one typical who looks to most English begginers that you know English well and you do not and you feel you are great in it. ======================================================== 请问你这句话的意思是不是: You are the one typical who looks (like) most English begginers (which) know English well "and you feel you are great in it (but) you are not (in fact )" ? 很多时候你的英文都是词不达意，以致我要去猜想你想表达什么，其实如果你如果无法用英文清楚表达你的意思，你是可以打中文的，因为我看得懂中文，我喜欢打英文的原因是因为我觉得对我来讲打英文要比中文来得简单快捷得多。 我要指出的是，如果一个人要教别人英文语法，但却连 at 和 on 的用法都分不清楚的话，其实是会令人发笑的。但我并不是想笑你，我只是想帮你纠正你的错误，但你却连接受错误的勇气都没有。每个人都会犯错，犯错也没什么大不了，但不能接受错误的人才是令自己蒙羞的。 对我来讲，英文只是一个沟通的工具，因为我十几岁就来到澳洲这个地方，在这里长大，学习，工作。也许这里有些人英文要比我好得多，我记不下英文词典里的所有单词，有些简单的字我甚至忘了怎么拼，但我想我的英文还是比这里不少人要好的，毕竟我每天都在讲。我也不介意你怎么说我，甚至我会很高兴如果你能纠正我词语里的错误。但有一点你不能回避的就是，你用的例子都是错误百出。 2007年快乐！

snake

对语序有兴趣的朋友，我可以用我的一个回贴粗略解释一下英语口语中的语序： To messageguy: You are the one typical who looks to most English begginers that you know English well and you do not and you feel you are great in it. ======================================================== 请问你这句话的意思是不是: You are the one typical who looks (like) most English begginers (which) know English well "and you feel you are great in it (but) you are not (in fact )" ? 这句是我在尽量不改变LZ原句前提下帮他改得通顺点的句子，如果我写的话，我会写成 "You are like those English beginners who think you are great in English but you are not in fact. 这句话前面 You are like those English beginners 是主干，后面的补充是为了加强前面的语气。顺便提一下的是，LZ原文一大堆 and 读了就觉得很别扭。 Your English didn't make sense and I have to guess what you tried to say, seriously, if you cannot write or speak English clearly, you can type your words in Chinese because I can read Chinese as well. The reason I typed in English is I feel more comfortable to type in English rather than Chinese and that saved me lots of time. 这句里面 saved me lots of time 是侧重点，放在后面加强前面的意思。 There is one thing I have to point out, it's really a big joke that if a person wanna teach English grammar but doesn't even know the different between 'at' and 'on', and you are the one. 在这句话里面后面“You are the one"却是重点，在这里放在最后是为了加强语气，强调这句话。That's enough to make me laugh, but I didn't. 这里 but I didn't 全句是 but I didn't laugh, 但前面已经有讲到 action - laugh, 后面就可以省掉。 I'm not here to pick on you but just try to correct you, but you can't even accept your mistake.这个句子就很普通，语序只是先后次序 There's no shame that you made the mistake, but it's shame that you can't accept it and correct it.这里跟这段话第一个例子一样，是为了加强语气。 For me, English is only a language, and a communication tool because I live in Australia. I've been here since I was a teen, I grew up, studied, and work here now. I know my English might not be as good as some of the people here, I cannot remember all the words in dictionary, and I can't even spell some of the simple words. However I think my English still better than most of the people here becuase I speak it everyday. I don't mind you called me crap or whatever, I am even happy if you can point out any words I have mistaken, but you cannot ignore one thing, your examples are wrong and worthless. Happy 2007! 不好意思版主们，我又打了一大篇英文，我把我段话翻译一下，希望能帮你们缩短审查的时间 给楼主的话： You are the one typical who looks to most English begginers that you know English well and you do not and you feel you are great in it. ======================================================== 请问你这句话的意思是不是: You are the one typical who looks (like) most English begginers (which) know English well "and you feel you are great in it (but) you are not (in fact )" ? 很多时候你的英文都是词不达意，以致我要去猜想你想表达什么，其实如果你如果无法用英文清楚表达你的意思，你是可以打中文的，因为我看得懂中文，我喜欢打英文的原因是因为我觉得对我来讲打英文要比中文来得简单快捷得多。 我要指出的是，如果一个人要教别人英文语法，但却连 at 和 on 的用法都分不清楚的话，其实是会令人发笑的。但我并不是想笑你，我只是想帮你纠正你的错误，但你却连接受错误的勇气都没有。每个人都会犯错，犯错也没什么大不了，但不能接受错误的人才是令自己蒙羞的。 对我来讲，英文只是一个沟通的工具，因为我十几岁就来到澳洲这个地方，在这里长大，学习，工作。也许这里有些人英文要比我好得多，我记不下英文词典里的所有单词，有些简单的字我甚至忘了怎么拼，但我想我的英文还是比这里不少人要好的，毕竟我每天都在讲。我也不介意你怎么说我，甚至我会很高兴如果你能纠正我词语里的错误。但有一点你不能回避的就是，你用的例子都是错误百出。 2007年快乐！ ================================================ Conclusion: 有些句子放在后面是为了加强前面的意思，有些却是对前面句子的总结或者目的，口语中的语序其实没有什么正规模式，我用得例子也未必是最好的，但是掌握语序可以帮助你表达自己的情感，还有加强和别人沟通时的互动，不过口语中语气 要重要得多，因为它是带活整句话的媒介。

snake

英语的高度逻辑性 使英语的语序与数学逻辑语言的语序 高度一致： 例如：翻译一句英语 You are not what you think you are, but what you think, you are. 英文意思简洁明了，但是用中文就是说不明白。

snake

You are not what you think you are, but what you think, you are. 现丑，我来翻译看看这句话： 你不是你以为的你，自己却认为是。 原句是很正常的英语省略句子。可以还原成： You are not what you think you are, but what you think is that you are what you think you are. 直译为：你不是你以为的那个样子，你却认为你是你以为的那个样子。 翻译当中的难点在于如何理解中间的"but what you think"。

buyeck

注号来顶

pusaner

感谢楼主提供宝贵资料！

lvjianguo96

很有收获。