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1 Management of Industrial Wastes: Solids, Liquids, and Gases.................... 1
1.1 Management of Industrial Wastewater ........................................................... 1
1.2 O&M Costs......................................................................................................................... 10
1.3 Management of Solid Wastes from Industries ..................................................................... 18
1.4 Management of Discharges to the Air.................................................................................. 20
1.5 Bibliography ......................................................................................................................... 28
2 Fundamentals .................................................................................................... 29
2.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 29
2.2 Characteristics of Industrial Wastewater.............................................................................. 29
2.3 The Polar Properties of Water ............................................................................................. 30
2.4 Electrical and Thermodynamic Stability ............................................................................... 33
2.5 Chemical Structure and Polarity of Water............................................................................ 36
2.6 Hydrogen Bonding ............................................................................................................... 37
2.7 Polar Solvents versus Nonpolar Solvents � True Solutions.................................................. 38
2.8 Emulsification ....................................................................................................................... 40
2.9 Colloidal Suspensions.......................................................................................................... 43
2.10 Mixtures Made Stable by Chelating Agents ....................................................................... 44
2.11 Summary............................................................................................................................ 44
2.12 Examples ........................................................................................................................... 45
2.13 Bibliography ....................................................................................................................... 48
3 Laws and Regulations....................................................................................... 49
3.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 49
3.2 History of Permitting and Reporting ..................................................................................... 49
3.3 Requirements....................................................................................................................... 49
3.4 Water Pollution Control Laws............................................................................................... 50
3.5 Groundwater Pollution Control Laws ................................................................................... 52
3.6 Air Pollution Control Laws.................................................................................................... 55
3.7 Bibliography ......................................................................................................................... 60
4 Wastes from Industries ..................................................................................... 61
4.1 Chemical Descaling ............................................................................................................. 61
4.2 Degreasing........................................................................................................................... 62
4.3 Rinsing ................................................................................................................................. 64
4.4 Electroplating of Tin ............................................................................................................. 65
4.5 The Copper Forming Industry .............................................................................................. 74
4.6 Prepared Frozen Foods ....................................................................................................... 77
4.7 Wastes From De-inking ....................................................................................................... 86
4.8 Die Casting: Aluminum, Zinc, and Magnesium .................................................................... 93
4.9 Anodizing and Alodizing....................................................................................................... 99
4.10 Production and Processing of Coke................................................................................... 103
4.11 The Wine-Making Industry ................................................................................................. 107
4.12 The Synthetic Rubber Industry .......................................................................................... 110
4.13 The Soft Drink Bottling Industry ......................................................................................... 119
4.14 Production and Processing of Beef, Pork, and Other Sources of Red Meat ..................... 124
4.15 Rendering of By-Products from the Processing of Meat, Poultry, and Fish ....................... 130
4.16 The Manufacture of Lead Acid Batteries............................................................................ 138
4.17 Bibliography ....................................................................................................................... 144
5 Industrial Stormwater Management ................................................................. 149
5.1 General ................................................................................................................................ 149
5.2 Federal Stormwater Regulations ......................................................................................... 149
5.3 Prevention of Groundwater Contamination .......................................................................... 151
5.4 Stormwater Segregation, Collection, Retention, and Treatment.......................................... 152
5.5 Design Storm ....................................................................................................................... 152
5.6 System Failure Protection.................................................................................................... 153
5.7 Stormwater Retention .......................................................................................................... 153
5.8 Stormwater Treatment ......................................................................................................... 153
5.9 Stormwater as a Source of Process Water Makeup ............................................................ 154
5.10 Bibliography ....................................................................................................................... 165
6 Wastes Characterization: The Wastes Characterization Study, Wastes Audit, and the Environmental Audit.................................................................... 166
6.1 Wastes Characterization Study............................................................................................ 166
6.2 Wastes Audit ........................................................................................................................ 169
6.3 Environmental Audit............................................................................................................. 172
6.4 Characteristics of Industrial Wastewater.............................................................................. 179
6.5 Characteristics of Discharges to the Air ............................................................................... 192
6.6 Sample Analysis .................................................................................................................. 198
6.7 Ambient Air Sampling .......................................................................................................... 198
6.8 Characteristics of Solid Waste Streams from Industries...................................................... 201
6.9 Bibliography ......................................................................................................................... 205
7 Pollution Prevention.......................................................................................... 208
Findings and Policy.................................................................................................................... 208
7.1 General Approach................................................................................................................ 209
7.2 Source Reduction ................................................................................................................ 212
7.3 The Waste Audit .................................................................................................................. 215
7.4 Benefits of Pollution Prevention ........................................................................................... 216
7.5 Bibliography ......................................................................................................................... 216
8 Methods for Treating Wastewaters from Industry.......................................... 219
8.1 General ................................................................................................................................ 219
8.2 Principle and Nonprinciple Treatment Mechanisms............................................................. 220
8.3 Waste Equalization .............................................................................................................. 223
8.4 pH Control ............................................................................................................................ 227
8.5 Chemical Methods of Wastewater Treatment ...................................................................... 230
8.6 Biological Methods of Wastewater Treatment ..................................................................... 255
8.7 Development of Design Equations for Biological Treatment of Industrial Wastes ............... 256
8.8 Physical Methods of Wastewater Treatment ....................................................................... 322
8.9 Bibliography ......................................................................................................................... 394
9 Treatment and Disposal of Solid Wastes from Industry ................................ 397
9.1 Characterization of Solid Wastes......................................................................................... 398
9.2 The Solid Waste Landfill ...................................................................................................... 400
9.3 Solid Waste Incineration ...................................................................................................... 409
9.4 The Process of Composting Industrial Wastes .................................................................... 421
9.5 Solidification and Stabilization of Industrial Solid Wastes .................................................... 427
9.6 Bibliography ......................................................................................................................... 433
10 Methods for Treating Air Discharges from Industry .................................... 437
10.1 Reduction at the Source .................................................................................................... 437
10.2 Containment....................................................................................................................... 437
10.3 Treatment........................................................................................................................... 438
10.4 Bibliography ....................................................................................................................... 456
Index ...................................................................................................................... 461 |
发表于 2007-12-19 03:38:23
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