美国污泥能源化的又一试验

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Research on biosolids to energy project to start at Antioch wastewater plant
By Paul Burgarino
Contra Costa Times
Posted: 09/11/2013 05:50:55 PM PDT | Updated: about 16 hours ago

ANTIOCH -- By this time next year, flushing a toilet here could be a way to create commercially viable renewable energy.
Researchers from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Miami-based Chemergy Inc., will start studying a technology that converts biosolids, or remaining byproduct from wastewater treatment, into hydrogen gas to produce electricity, officials said this week.
The $1.75 million public-private research project, which officials say is the first of its kind in the nation, will begin next month at Delta Diablo Sanitation District's facility in Antioch. The trial is funded by Chemergy and a grant from the California Energy Commission.
In about a year, it is anticipated Delta Diablo will be processing one ton of biosolid material each day and producing up to 30 kilowatts of electricity, Lawrence Livermore chemist Bob Glass said.
"If it works well, it could be the go-to solution for many wastewater agencies across the nation and the world," said Gary Darling, Delta Diablo's general manager.
Adds Glass: "It would turn a liability into an asset. It's a novel process."
The amount of biosolids being produced in California and Bay Area continues to increase, while regulations at the local, state and federal level on what can be done with the byproduct are becoming more stringent.
Historically, biosolids have been used for fertilizer or agricultural land, or to cover landfills.
Californians generated 710,000 dry metric tons of biosolids in 2011, including more than 158,000 from the Bay Area alone. The Bay Area is projected to produce 189,000 metric tons of biosolids by 2030.
Converting biosolids to energy has long been a goal of the Bay Area Biosolids to Energy coalition, which consists of 19 Bay Area public agencies responsible for wastewater treatment. The group has been soliciting ideas for converting the biosolids into energy, seeing the Bay Area has a potential incubator for ideas.
"Our goal is to take the waste out of wastewater," Darling said.
Biosolids have great potential as a fuel source, officials said Darling and Glass point out that water and wastewater plants use 3 percent of the nation's energy, but the potential in the biosolids, which is akin to firewood, could produce 10 times that amount of energy -- enough to power New York City, Chicago, Houston and Dallas.
One challenge has been that the biosolids are wet, Darling said. The current methods to extract energy from the byproduct require high temperatures and large equipment to dry it out for combustion, which is expensive, or organic fermentation that takes a long time and uses bugs, Glass said.
Also, wastewater agencies have been slow in adopting new technologies given the high costs because of their responsibility to provide service to ratepayers.
Melahn Parker, Chemergy's president, said he became aware of the Bay Area's situation while studying energy generation while earning his doctorate at Stanford University.
Chemergy's test uses a chemical reaction process, thus the biosolids do not have to be dried out. Though he remained vague about the company's HyBrTec system for propriety reasons, Parker explains the process as using a chemical reaction to break down the "feedstock" and extract hydrogen, carbon dioxide and thermoenergy.
The hydrogen will be used in fuel cells for electricity or turned into fuel to be used in hydrogen cars.
"It's an area that hasn't been looked at. There was some theoretical work in the 1970s, but it never got off the drawing board," Parker said.
Lawrence Livermore is lending its expertise in hydrogen technology and fuel cells, chemistry and materials science to model the new technology, Glass said.
"We want to use this as a model to encourage the widespread use of biosolids for energy production," he said. "It's a great opportunity for Lawrence Livermore to work with local industry."
Parker said the analysis has been going on for the past decade, but the demonstration will allow others in the Bay Area coalition and industry to "kick the equipment and see how it works."
If successful, plans call for the system to be rolled out to more large-scale commercial applications, Parker said.
Meanwhile, the Bay Area coalition one day aims to create a regional biosolids-to-energy facility or facilities and continue to search for ways to manage it.

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在安提阿污水处理厂生物固体能源项目研究启动
由保罗·Burgarino康特拉科斯塔时报“
发表于：2013年9月11日下午5时51分08秒PDT
更新时间：2013年9月12日下午4时16分51秒PDT

安提 - 明年的这个时候，冲洗厕所，可能是一种方式来创建商业上可行的可再生能源。

从劳伦斯·利弗莫尔国家实验室和迈阿密Chemergy公司的研究人员开始研究技术，废水处理污泥，剩余的副产品转换成氢气来产生电能，官员说，这一周。

$ 1.75万个公共和私营部门的研究项目，该项目的官员说，其在全国是第一次，将于下月开始在安提阿三角洲暗黑卫生区的设施。 该试验的经费由Chemergy和加州能源委员会的资助。

在一年左右，预计三角洲暗黑将会处理一吨生物固体材料的每一天，产生高达30千瓦的电力，劳伦斯·利弗莫尔化学家鲍勃·格拉斯说。

“如果它工作得很好，也可能是去到​​全国各地和世界许多废水机构的解决方案，”加里说，亲爱的，Delta“暗黑破坏神的总经理。

添加玻璃：“这将转成一个资产负债，这是一个新颖的过程。”

在加州和湾区生物固体量继续增加，而什么可以做的副产品，在地方，州和联邦一级的法规也越来越严格。

从历史上看，生物固体肥料或用于农业土地或覆盖垃圾填埋场。

加州在2011年产生710,000干吨生物固体，包括超过158,000湾区。 湾区，到2030年预计将生产189,000吨生物固体。

转换生物固体能源长期以来一直是湾区生物固体能源的联盟，其中包括19个湾区的公共机构，负责污水处理的目标。 该集团已征求想法为生物固体转换成能量，看到在海湾地区具有潜在的孵化器的想法。

，“达林说：”我们的目标是把废物废水。

生物污泥作为燃料来源有很大的潜力，官员说。 达林和玻璃指出，供水和污水处理厂使用国家的能源的3％，但在污泥，这是类似于劈柴的潜力，可以产生10倍量的能量 - 足够的功率纽约市，芝加哥，休斯敦和达拉斯。

其中一个难题是，生物固体湿，达林表示。 目前的方法，从副产物中提取能量需要高的温度和大型设备的干燥，燃烧，这是昂贵的，或有机发酵，需要很长的时间，并使用错误，玻璃说。

此外，废水，采用新技术的成本高，因为他们有责任向纳税人提供服务机构一直缓慢。

，Chemergy的总统，Melahn帕克说，他意识到海湾地区的形势，研究能源发电的同时，同时在斯坦福大学获得博士学位。

chemergy的测试使用的化学反应过程中的生物固体不被干燥。 虽然他仍然含糊不清对公司的HyBrTec的系统分寸原因，帕克解释的过程中使用了化学反应，打破“原料”，并提取氢，二氧化碳和thermoenergy。

将被使用的氢燃料电池中的电力，或变成燃料中使用的氢燃料汽车。

“尚未看着它的面积在20世纪70年代有一些理论工作，但它从来没有在图纸上，”帕克说。

劳伦斯·利弗莫尔借给其在技术和氢燃料电池，化学和材料科学的专业知识，新技术建模，玻璃说。

“我们想以此作为一个模式，鼓励广泛使用的能源生产的生物固体，”他说。 “这是一个很好的机会，劳伦斯·利弗莫尔工作与当地产业。”

帕克说，分析已在过去的十年，但示范将允许他人在海湾地区的联盟和产业“踢设备，看看它是如何工作的。”

帕克说，如果成功的话，计划推出更大规模的商业应用系统。

同时，湾区联盟旨在打造区域性生物污泥转化为能源的设施或设施，并继续以搜索的方式来管理它。

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